Device for forming hair waves



July 2, 1-935. A. E. FARRELL 2,095,946

DEVICE FOR FORMING HAIR WAVES Filed March 23, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Anna E, Far 5911 BY 9? W fi y ATTORNEY July 2, 1935. FARRELL 2,006,946

DEVICE FOR FORMING HAIR WAVES Filed March 25. 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR A7: 72a 5'. Farrell Patented July 2, 1935' UNITED STATES;

PATENT OFFICE 7 2,006,946 DEVICE FOR FORMING HAIR WAVES Anna E. Farrell, Seattle, Wash. Application March 23, 1934, Serial No. 717,007 11 Claims. (o1.1s2--31 This invention relates to devices forforming waves in the hair on human heads.

The objects of the invention are to provide a frame 7 and operating device, whereby the hair may be looped. into waves of circular shape, ready for the ordinary liquid treatment for temporary waves known as water waves, or for treatment for permanent waves, by heating.

A particular object is to provide one or more units or frames for such purposes, formed of elongated holding frames with pins and preferably interlocking loop hair pins, pivotally connected to both opposite sides of the frame, by .the vbent points of the pins, the respective loops of such pins extending from the sides of the plate for the folding of the same and to permit in and out movement with each other so as to form and hold such waves of hair, also means for holding the pins in extended position.

Another object is to provide with such units means for adjustably connecting together a series thereof, by telescoping resilient wire clamps at one end of each plate and projecting therefrom for slidable connection with anotherplate. The said clamps are elongated toalso provide a spindle upon which to wind the ends of hair when extending beyond the waves, to form curlsthereof, one of the outer ends of said clamps being bent at an angle to receive and bind the tips of said hair ends and maintain atension thereon, and to hold the same for tightening the hair wave when formed as first described.

A still further object is to provide with such frames a series of interlocking pads for insertion under the hair and adjacent the scalp, and formed of suitable material for preventing injury to the scalp or head of the user, when heat is applied to the waves for fixing the same into permanent shapes.

With these and other objects that will hereinafter appear, I have illustrated my invention by the accompanying drawings, of which:

Figure l is an enlarged plan viewof one of the frame units, with the clamp extended.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of a portion of the frame unit and clamp, taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is an end view of the frame taken on lines 3-3 of Figure 1, showing the pins extended with dotted lines indicating'their lines of travel,

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the same unit, showing the pins, with one passed inside the other and a lock of hair picked up on the inner pin, in position to be drawn back to form a loop,

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the same unit,

showing the pins again separated, with the lock of hair formed into a loop, and ready for the final extension of the pins for stretching the loop,

Figure 6 is a plan view of several units joined together in series, with the lock of hair formed into a series of oppositely positioned circular waves, with the tip of the; hair look twisted around the clamp, extending from one end of one of the units,

Figure 7 is a planview of another construction of the frame, with a series of fixed pins along both sides thereof, with the hair woven around the pins, and the tip end wound around the clamp, Figure 8 is a topplan of one of the pads, used beneath the frames to protect the head from heat, when applied to the hair, 1

Figure 9 is an end view of v the pad taken on lines 99 of Figure 8, I

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sideelevation View of one of the pads in sectiontaken on lines I0l0 of Figure 8, and illustrating-the parts thereof and manner of attachment to another pad, shown in dotted lines in the upper portion of the figure,

Figure 11 is a plan view of a series of the pads connected together, with locks of hair extending between the same, with a series of the wave frames shown diagrammatically over the pads in extended form, I

Figure 12 isa diagrammatic view, showing the several pads in position following the contour of the head, with locks of hair extending from between the pads, and ready tobe waved.

Like numerals on the different figures represent like parts.

Numeral R2 represents a holding plate or frame,

with the side edges 13 turned down and under to form guards or supports l3.

Holding or operating resilient loop pins 14 and I5 are pivotally connected to each side of the frame through slots l6, and retained in place by feet l1 and I8. Connecting slots 19 atright angles with slots I6 permit the bodies of the pins to be turned upward and across the center of the frames. Pin M is formed with a narrow base but with broader loop. Pin I5 is broader at the base near the plate but narrower at its outer end, for

passing back and forth through the loop of pin I4. Pin I5 is also longer than M but may be turned over and through pin l4 before the latter is brought up at right angles.

At the front end of each plate is adjustably connected a clamp member 20, which is preferably;

formed of one piece of resilient wirebent or shaped into inner and outer oblongcoila The outer coil is of suitable width to slidablyfitbetween the side edges I3 and between the bottom of the plate and the guards I3. The front end of the inner coil is provided with an upward bend 2|, as shown in Figure 5, and in dotted lines in Figure 2, the facilitate the sliding of the tip end of the lock of hair beneath the same and for holding such tip by the resiliency of the coils as diagrammatically shown in Figure 6. The free end of the outer coil is extended inward beyond the coils and between the rivet 22 and one of the side edges I3, and between the plate and rivet head 22. This free end serves as a swivel bar for rotation in such position, when the clamp is withdrawn from the frame as shown in Figure l. The inner coil may lie on the same plane with, or slightly below the outer coil as shown in Fig. 2, but is readily raised above the plane of the outer coil as illustrated by dotted lines in said Fig. 2. When the bent end of the inner coil is so elevated above the plane of the outer coil, the tip of hair is readily inserted beneath the same, and thence pressed back toward the frame and between the parallel straight shanks of the two coils. The resiliency of the coils and tendency to assume their normal positions, caused the inner coil to impinge against the hair tip and so hold the same securely-while the operator twists the lock of hair about the clamp by rotating the same. In use, the tip of the hair is inserted between the two 'coils of the clamp, and the clamp then rotated by the fingers of the operator, while the inner end of the clamp is held in rolling contact with the frame by said swivel bar. The hair is thereby tightly twisted around the outer coil of the clamp, to form a curl thereof, and tension given to the body of the hair look, as latershown. After the'end of the hair lock has been so suitably twisted the rear end of the clamp is slipped into the grooves, or recesses, between edges of the frame I3, till it abuts said rivet, where it is then retained by the guards I3 and said rivet head and by frictional contact of its walls with the downturned edges I3, such means effectively holding the extremity of the hair.

In forming circular waves in the hair look, the oppositely positioned pins I4 and I5 are first elevated and pin I5 pushed between the legs of pin I4 as far as possible, to the position indicated by dotted lines I5 in Figure 3. The projecting point of pin I5 is next inserted beneath a lock of hair H, to be waved, then the pin I 5 is drawn back through said legs of pin I4, to a position approximately shown in Figure 5. The portion of hair so raised by pin I5 will then have been drawn into a loop form. At this position the resilient legs of the pins will be moved by the tension of the hair, and come to rest in notches I8 along the sides of the slots I 9. With the pins and hair loops in this partly drawn position, the operator attaches the free end of the hair look to the clamp, and twists the same and hair end as above described, till the lock is snugly drawn around said pins. The clamp is then pressed'back into its-holding recess, and the pins I4 and I5 are released by the operator from the notches I9 and depressed or expanded to a flattened position with the frame. The lock of hair is thus stretched into circular loops or waves over the outside of legs of pin I5, and around the inside of the legs of pin I4, and around the curved cushions 23, as illustrated in Figure 6. The desired tension is thereby maintained in the loops of hair till set by heat or otherwise. The pins are automatically held in such fully expandedposition by the slots I6, and the tension of the hair, which moves the feet or inner points of the pins laterally into said slots I6, and out of alignment with the connecting slots I9.

In ordinary use, a series of such frames are preferably connected and used together to provide a row of oppositely positioned circular hair Waves, the approximate length of a lock of hair, as illustrated by Figure 6. In such cases only the clamp in the front plate will be needed for holding the hair, and the other clamps in the other respective units are used for connecting said several units. Thus, the portion of each of the other clamps which projects outward in front of its plate when the rear end of the clamp is adjacent the rivet, will be inserted into the corresponding recess formed by the plate and guards, at the rear end of each preceding unit, and a series may be so retained in line. The resilient freedom oi the clamps in the recesses permits the line of units to be curved to conform to the shape of the head. Additional means for retaining and con-- necting the units in suitable position, is provided by dowel pins 24 projecting from the curved cushions 23, into suitable holes 25 in the ends of the adjacent plate units, and into corresponding holes 26, between the legs of pins I4. Said cushions aid in keeping the folds of hair in substantially circular form on each side of the frame as shown in Figure 6.

When such series of units are so used together, the several pins I5 are all inserted together heneath the lock of hair to be waved, then the pins are severally raised to respective positions to rest in the notches I9. The free tip of the hair lock is next twisted by the front clamp as above described, then all of the pins are flattened down together and the rows of Waves so tightly drawn in proper curves for any fixing treatment desired. The units may be left on the head, as long as desired, either when used separately or in series, without inconvenience to the wearer, as they require no handles for operation. After the waves have been fully set or fixed in the hair, the pins may be easily removed therefrom, by moving the legs of the pins in the slots I6, till such legs adjoin the slots I 9, when they may be raised therein and released, and the clamp also detached from the end of the hair look and from the small curls formed about the same by just turning it in the opposite direction.

While I have shown the plates for holding the several pins to be of considerable relative width, yet this feature may be varied, and in some cases an operator may prefer to connect the pins by narrower means.

I am also aware that heretofore attempts have been made to form waves in hair, by the use of fixed pins or fingers along the sides of a central body in staggered arrangement. But I have found that such devices if operable, would onl pull the hair in opposite loops with approximately straight sides between the end curves, and that they cannot produce a continuously curved or circular wave as demanded by the later fashions. And also that the use of the necessary handles on some thereof prevents the use of the same for preparing the modern permanent waves, by long application to the head. Again without my winding clamp, the slack in the hair look is not taken up sufficiently to provide the proper tension in the hair.

When the hair waves are not to be set by heating, it is not generally necessary to stretch the hair, and the simpler frame as illustrated in Figure 7, may be then employed. This may comprise a frame of any suitable length 12a, provided withfixed side pins Ma, and l5a, about which the hair maybe woven to form the waves, and the end of the lock twisted around the clamp a and retained under the bent end 210.. After treatment with the desired liquid theend curl maybe easily removed from the clamp and the waves from the pins.

Whereheat is to be applied to fix the wave forms in the hair, it is necessary to protect the scalp therefrom, by means of pads, which are inserted beneath the looks of hair and rest on the head. The locks of hair to be waved, project between the overlapping edges of the pads and are then formed into waves by the .described pins and frames supported over the pads. Such pads 21 are illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10 and constructed with a base plate of fibre 21 or of suitable material for not conducting heat, for rest ing on the head. A top plate 21 may be of aluminum or suitable material for holding heat, and held in position by raised and overturned edges 21" of the base plate. An area between the plates is preferably 1oosely filled with felt 353, so as to leave cooling air space also therein. Each pad is provided with connecting upraised hooks 28, on the top plate, and slots 28 in the lower plates, for receiving similar hooks from other pads.

In use the pads are separately slipped beneath locks of hair, and the next pad then placed over such lock and beneath another look etc., and the several pads connectedby the hooks inserted in the slots 29. A soft rubber facing may also be provided around the lower plates to further prevent the heat from contacting with the head. The pads are made of suitable sizes and shapes to conform to the head. While I have illustrated the use of the units or frames and pins as connected at their ends, yet I do not limit my invention to such method, but in some cases apply the units either singly, or connected one beside the other, by any simple means, as by wires.

Having described my invention I claim as new: 1. A device for forming hair waves and curls comprising an elongated frame to fit over the head, with a series of pins extending from the opposite edges of the frame for shaping the hair in substantially circular loops, a clamp member rotatably mounted at one end of the frame for receiving and twisting the tip ends of hair at one end of the frame for tightening and retaining the loops in position, and for forming curls at the end of the loops the edges of the frame curved downward and under to provide a recess for receiving one end of the clamp to prevent the same from turning after the hair loops are drawn tight. 2. A device for forming'hair waves comprising an elongated frame to fit over the head, with a series of pins extending from the edges of the frame substantially opposite to each other, said pins pivotally connected at one of the ends thereof to the respective edges of the frame for relative in and out motion with each other, for drawing and forming the hair in oppositely positioned loops along the opposite edges of the frame with rounded cushions alternately spaced along the edges of the frame for expanding the loops and holding the same in circular shape, and turnable means at one end of the frame for tightening the hair.

3. A device for forming hair waves, comprising a flattened frame to fit over the head, a series of loop pins extending from the opposite sides of the frame, said pins on one side provided with narrower pointed loops than the. pins on'the other side, and all of said pins pivotally attachedtol the. respective sides of the'frame, for-rocking movement of such extending loop ends and for the passage of the narrower loops back and forth through the wider loops to draw and form the hair in circular shaped waves, along both sides of the frame.

4. A construction as defined in claim 3, including, means atone endof the frame, for holding the extremities'of the hair, and parallel slots along each side of the frame forreceiving and locking the pins in outspreadpositions along each of said sides forholding extended waves in such circular shapes While heat is applied thereto. V

5. A construction as described in claim 3 including crosswise slots in the top of the frame for the travel of the pins, and notches in the edges of the slots for retaining said pin loops severally in partially expanded positions until the. hair is shaped over all of such pins, said pins formed of resilient material for adjustable release from such notches, and provided with smooth surfaces for sliding through the hair when stretching the loops into expended forms thereof, before heat is applied thereto.

6. A device for forming hair in wavesand curls comprising a sectional frame,.with pins extending from. each side of each section, for forming and holding a lock of hair in wave shapes, with means for holding the free ends of the hair, and

for connecting together the sections of the frame comprising two resilient clamp loops one within the other and on the same plane, both slidably connected into one end of each section, and partially projecting therefrom, with a swivel arm extending from the inner end of said clamp continuously within said frame to retain contact therewith so as to steady the inner end of the clamp, to permit such clamp to be rotated for the winding of the ends of the hair lockaround the clamp, to tighten and hold the hair waves, and to form curls in the ends of the hair with curved down-turned edges of the frame to provide a recess for receiving the inner end of the clamp to restrain the same from unwinding after the hair has been tightened thereby.

'7. A device for forming permanent waves in the hair and for prevention of injury to the head when'heat is applied for fixing the waves, com-' prising a frame with pins extending laterally therefrom for holding the hair in desired shapes for heating the same, with a series of elongated protection pads for use beneath the frame, and comprising inner plates of non heat conducting material, for placing adjacent the scalp and outer plates of heat conducting material upon which the hair may be placed for heating, and a spaced layer of non heat conducting material between the plates, with means for adjustably connecting the pads together to form a sheathing over the head.

8. Adjustable pads for protecting the head against heat when applied to hair for fixing Waves therein, comprising a plurality of sections in layers, one above the other, with an inner section of material non heat conducting, the next positions to provide a flexible sheathing over the head.

9. A device for forming hair waves, comprising movable members pivotally attached at their inner ends opposite each other to a holding frame, the members on one side narrower and shorter than the members on the other side, and adapted to be passed by a relative in and out motion to and fro between the wider and longer members for carrying locks of hair around the narrower members between the wider members, means for holding the free ends of the hair, and means for looping the part of the hair around the shorter member with rounded cushions for shaping the hair into circular waves.

10. A device for forming hair waves, comprising, pairs of pins pivotally mounted at the inner ends of the pins along the opposite edges of a holding member, the pins on one side shorter than the pins on the opposite side and adapted to be passed to and fro between the longer pins for drawing a lock of hair between the longer pins and around the shorter pins, for shaping waves in the lock of hair, with slots in the edges of the holding member for retaining the pins in expanded position with the hair thereon until such lock of hair has been set in wave form.

11. A construction as defined in claim 2, including a turnable clamp member adjustably mounted at one end of the frame, and adapted to be partially withdrawn therefrom for twisting the same for winding the end of the hair about the clamp for tightening such hair, said clamp further adapted to be pressed back heneath the frame when the hair has been wound about a portion thereof, the edges of the frame turned down and under the same to provide recesses for holding the clamp when inserted beneath the frame to prevent the hair from unwinding.

ANNA E. FARRELL. 

